Interleukin 6 Associated with Adrenal Insufficiency in COVID-19 Patient

Introduction: COVID-19 has been a global problem and many aspects related to the mechanism of COVID-19 in damaging patients’ organs have not been known. Interleukin 6 is a severity marker of the cytokine storm in COVID-19. This study aimed to determine the relationship between interleukin 6 with cortisol and adrenaline in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Employing a cross-sectional design, the study was conducted at UNS (Sebelas Maret University) hospital from May to September 2020. Examination of interleukin 6, adrenaline and cortisol by taking the patients’ blood sample was conducted at 8 AM on the first and seventh day of hospitalization. Statistical test was performed using Pearson correlation. P is significant if it is less than 0.05. Results: This study shows that in COVID-19 patients, there is adrenal insufficiency with an average cortisol level of 0.91+0.53 ng/mL and an average adrenaline level of 9.20+4.29 pg/mL. The mean interleukin 6 in this study is 8.31+13.7 pg / mL. Interleukin 6 will increase the secretion of the hormone cortisol (p = 0.01;r = 0.575) and is not related to adrenaline (p = 0.057;r = 0.771). Conclusion: The COVID-19 patients experienced adrenal insufficiency, and Interleukin 6 associated with an increased cortisol hormone. The use of steroids may be beneficial in COVID-19 patients with adrenal insufficiency. © 2022 UPM Press. All rights reserved.

Correlation between stress, anxiety and depression with sleep quality of COVID-19 patient treated in isolation ward

Introduction: Stress plays an important role in COVID-19 patients. Sleep disturbances were associated with anxiety, depression, and suicidal behavior. Proper treatment for sleep disorders is important to reduce the symptoms of psychiatric disorders and suicide. This study aims to determine whether there is a correlation between stress, anxiety, and depression on sleep quality of Covid-19 patients treated in isolation wards. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted between July 2020 to November 2020. Subjects for this study were 54 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. The rest of the sample were excluded based on Exclusion criteria. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-14, Perceived Stress Scale-10, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used, all of the instruments were validated in the Indonesian version. The SPSS version 25 was applied for descriptive and bivariate Pearson correlation analysis. Results: The study showed that the average age was 38 years old, male is to female ratio showed that women were more affected than men (n=28;51.9%), married status (n=37;68.5%), and highly educated (n=29;53.7%). There are correlation between stress (r=0.399;p-value=0.003), anxiety (r=0.375;p-value=0.005) and depression (r=0.374;p-value=0.005) with the sleep quality in patient with COVID-19. Conclusion: There are several mental disorders due to Covid-19 outbreak, but the main thing was related to stress, anxiety, and depression. All these were related to the quality of sleep of Covid-19 patients in isolation wards. © 2021 UPM Press. All rights reserved.